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Coffea arabica

L. (1753)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Gentianales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Coffea

arabian coffee, arabica coffee

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees usually 2–5 m.

Stems: Nodes more or less somewhat swollen.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite. Blades elliptic to elliptic–ovate, 7–20 cm long, (2–)3.5–7 cm wide. Apex long–acuminate, more or less falcate. Surfaces glabrous, glossy; Blades chartaceous to thin and coriaceous. Margins entire, undulate. Lateral veins 9–11 pairs, these converging at the margins to form an undulate submarginal vein. Petioles 0.8–1.5 cm long. Stipules ca. (3–)5– 10 mm long, persistent.

Flowers: Flowers 2–10 in dense, axillary, subsessile clusters composed of 3–flowered cymes, peduncles short, bracteoles connate into a cup-like structure. Flowers insect-pollinated, bisexual (perfect), often heterostylus, fragrant. Calyx 4–5 lobed with open aestivation, minutely toothed, sometimes glandular. Corolla white, 2–2.5 cm long, glabrous, salverform or tubular, the tube ca. 1 cm long, 4-8-lobed, the lobes oblong, 12–15 mm long; nectary disk swollen. Stamens 4–8, inserted on corolla throat, alternate with corolla lobes; filaments distinct, very short; anthers linear, usually twisted, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits. Ovary inferior, occasionally partly so, or very rarely superior, 2–celled; ovules 1 per cell on a shield-like placenta near middle of septum; style 1 or as many as carpels, terminal, slender, 2–lobed, dry or occasionally wet.

Fruit: Fruit drupaceous; red; drying black to brown or olive brown; narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid; 1.2–1.6 cm long; 1–1.2 cm in diameter; pyrenes thin or thick–walled; grooved on the flat side. Seeds 1 per pyrene with well-developed oily endosperm; or endosperm occasionally scanty or absent.

Ploidy: 2n = 22; 44; 66; 88

Habitat: Mesic to wet; disturbed sites; usually valleys or along streambeds.

Elevation Range: 30–580 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Naturalized

Island Status

Kaua'i Naturalized
O'ahu Naturalized
Molokai Naturalized
Lana'i Naturalized
Kaho'olawe Not in flora
Maui Naturalized
Hawai'i Naturalized

Dispersal Agents

Birds

Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Sp. Pl.: 172 (1753)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1120 (K, O, Mo, L, M, Ka, H); Staples & Herbst 2005:486 (DESCR); Faccenda, Arthur, et al. 2025:208 (remove Ka [no evidence of nat.])

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In remnant Pandanus forest SSE of Pi'ilanihale Heiau on rough a'a lava. Along margin of forest. Preserved_Specimen Common shrub of 7ft. Leaves dark, glossy green above, dull, paler below. Fruit ripening dark red. Flynn, T.W. 2488 Maui BISH 1987-12-20
2 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common plant on roadside Preserved_Specimen Berries red to green Faccenda, K. 1877 Oahu BISH 2021-05-22
3 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details weedy Preserved_Specimen small tree Wysong, M.L. 771 Molokai BISH 2005-08-10
4 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet mixed native and alien forest. Preserved_Specimen Small trees 2-5 m ht. Naturalized. Leaves opposite. Fruits dark red, globose. Kennedy, B. 34 Oahu BISH 1996-01-13
5 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Assoc w/ Eucalyptus, Persea americana Preserved_Specimen shrub to 3m; fruit immature & green. Annable, C.R. 3068 Oahu BISH 1996-10-19
6 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Abundant in closed forest. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37197 Oahu BISH 1937-07-20
7 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist hillside. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
8 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 21 Oahu BISH 1945-09-09
9 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Locally completely covering the forest floor, seedlings. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37196 Oahu BISH 1937-07-20
10 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mill, S.W. 12 Oahu BISH 1983-08-05
11 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wooded Stream bed. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13219 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
12 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small slender tree, 7 ft. tall. Crosby, M.R. 1678 Molokai BISH 1964-07-04
13 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Naturalized near pump. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28674 Lanai BISH 1963-08-16
14 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620529011 Oahu BISH 1962-05-29
15 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 215 Oahu BISH 1955-12-11
16 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1063 Oahu BISH 1909-01-07
17 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 1m tall, leaves dark glossy green above. Flowers white, sweetly fragrant, fruit green. Lorence, D.H. 7202 Kauai BISH 1992-05-08
18 Coffea arabica Halepuaa Forest Reserve int eh Puna District Mesic forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 2/11/1997
19 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-04
20 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. trees. St.John, H. 12727 Molokai BISH 1962-12-27
21 Coffea arabica Oahu Island, Honolulu, University of Hawaii campus Cultivated UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 10/19/1996
22 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Hawaii BISH 1908-01-01
23 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation on plots strip-mined for bauxite ore in 1958 -60. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 2m. Fruit green. Howard, R.A. 20213 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
24 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-11-29
25 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 1761 Oahu BISH 1946-07-14
26 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 10 Oahu BISH 1919-10-19
27 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11984 Oahu BISH 1932-07-03
28 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10276 Maui BISH 1930-02-09
29 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10910 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
30 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 10 Oahu BISH 1919-10-19
31 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. Kauai BISH 1895-10-21
32 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
33 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH 1945-09-02
34 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 515 Hawaii BISH
35 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
36 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
37 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. BISH
38 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed exotics; coffee; Acacia; Abutilon. Preserved_Specimen Lennstrom, H. 199462 Oahu BISH 1994-02-11
39 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9254 Oahu BISH 1933-12-03
40 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
41 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist Aleurites forest. Preserved_Specimen 3m. shrub. St.John, H. 23077 Kauai BISH 1947-12-26
42 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrub in shade. Valley bottom. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 525 Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
43 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details In remnant Pandanus forest SSE of Pi'ilanihale Heiau on rough a'a lava. Along margin of forest. Preserved_Specimen Common shrub of 7ft. Leaves dark, glossy green above, dull, paler below. Fruit ripening dark red. Flynn, T.W. 2488 Maui BISH 1987-12-20
44 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Common plant on roadside Preserved_Specimen Berries red to green Faccenda, K. 1877 Oahu BISH 2021-05-22
45 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details weedy Preserved_Specimen small tree Wysong, M.L. 771 Molokai BISH 2005-08-10
46 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wet mixed native and alien forest. Preserved_Specimen Small trees 2-5 m ht. Naturalized. Leaves opposite. Fruits dark red, globose. Kennedy, B. 34 Oahu BISH 1996-01-13
47 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Assoc w/ Eucalyptus, Persea americana Preserved_Specimen shrub to 3m; fruit immature & green. Annable, C.R. 3068 Oahu BISH 1996-10-19
48 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Abundant in closed forest. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37197 Oahu BISH 1937-07-20
49 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist hillside. Preserved_Specimen Baker, R.J. Oahu BISH 1933-03-12
50 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 21 Oahu BISH 1945-09-09
51 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Locally completely covering the forest floor, seedlings. Preserved_Specimen Egler, F.E. 37196 Oahu BISH 1937-07-20
52 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mill, S.W. 12 Oahu BISH 1983-08-05
53 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Wooded Stream bed. Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 13219 Molokai BISH 1933-07-03
54 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Small slender tree, 7 ft. tall. Crosby, M.R. 1678 Molokai BISH 1964-07-04
55 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Naturalized near pump. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 28674 Lanai BISH 1963-08-16
56 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Krajina, V.J. 620529011 Oahu BISH 1962-05-29
57 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Woolford, H.A. 215 Oahu BISH 1955-12-11
58 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 1063 Oahu BISH 1909-01-07
59 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Shrubs 1m tall, leaves dark glossy green above. Flowers white, sweetly fragrant, fruit green. Lorence, D.H. 7202 Kauai BISH 1992-05-08
60 Coffea arabica Halepuaa Forest Reserve int eh Puna District Mesic forest UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Hawaii HAPI 2/11/1997
61 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Oahu BISH 1908-11-04
62 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 20 ft. trees. St.John, H. 12727 Molokai BISH 1962-12-27
63 Coffea arabica Oahu Island, Honolulu, University of Hawaii campus Cultivated UNKNOWN . Coordinates do not match to country in source data. Not found a country in reverser geocoding. Bioversity International C. R. Annable Oahu HAPI 10/19/1996
64 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Lyon, H.L. Hawaii BISH 1908-01-01
65 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Vegetation on plots strip-mined for bauxite ore in 1958 -60. Preserved_Specimen Shrub of 2m. Fruit green. Howard, R.A. 20213 Kauai BISH 1985-10-20
66 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Yoshinaga, E.K. Oahu BISH 1929-11-29
67 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Kerr, M. 1761 Oahu BISH 1946-07-14
68 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 10 Oahu BISH 1919-10-19
69 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 11984 Oahu BISH 1932-07-03
70 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10276 Maui BISH 1930-02-09
71 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 10910 Kauai BISH 1930-12-31
72 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Garber, D.W. 10 Oahu BISH 1919-10-19
73 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Heller, A.A. Kauai BISH 1895-10-21
74 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
75 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Oahu BISH 1945-09-02
76 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen 515 Hawaii BISH
77 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
78 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Mann, H. BISH 1864-01-01
79 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. BISH
80 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Disturbed exotics; coffee; Acacia; Abutilon. Preserved_Specimen Lennstrom, H. 199462 Oahu BISH 1994-02-11
81 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Fosberg, F.R. 9254 Oahu BISH 1933-12-03
82 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. Hawaii BISH
83 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Moist Aleurites forest. Preserved_Specimen 3m. shrub. St.John, H. 23077 Kauai BISH 1947-12-26
84 Coffea arabica Locality redacted. Contact Bishop Museum Botany Department for details Shrub in shade. Valley bottom. Preserved_Specimen Hume, E.P. 525 Oahu BISH 1932-04-03
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